Text 7 (Questions 1-5)

There’s been a lot of finger-pointing at wheat in recent years. Cases of celiac disease have skyrocketed and gluten-free diets are very common, with wheat being blamed for all sorts of ailments, from digestive problems and joint aches to diabetes and cancer. Today’s wheat plant, it’s said, has changed so much from its original version that people are no longer able to process it properly. Because of human intervention and the never-ending race to plant more crops and make more money, we’ve ruined the wheat plant and our bodies are suffering.

It is true that modern bread wheat is entirely a product of human intervention. It’s known as Semi-Dwarf Wheat, The plant is much shorter, and the grain is much smaller than its ancestors. Interference with the wheat plant is old news, it’s been happening ever since our ancient ancestors started cultivating it about 10,000 years ago. Over the centuries the cultivation has become more advanced and widespread, but it’s been a continuous process

The genetic alteration of wheat continued for centuries, becoming more advanced as technology developed. Gene alteration became highly specific, with scientists creating diseaseresistant varieties and fine-tuning nutritional content. In the mid-20th century, biologists started using Mutagenic Breeding to induce beneficial mutations with radiation. Mutagenic Breeding also can involve exposing wheat seeds and embryos to chemicals. These techniques were a crucial part of the Green Revolution, a series of agricultural developments that improved crop yields all over the world.

Some may say this is putting too fine a point on it, but out current wheat is not genetically engineered. That’s a more targeted process in which certain genes are isolated and inserted. Genetic engineering is highly regulated, but using other techniques to alter genes is not, and there’s a large push by some factions to increase that regulation. Modern wheat is genetically complex, and researchers are only now beginning to unravel its genome. That might lead to discoveries about its effects on our bodies, and then, most likely, to more genetic tinkering

Source: Scientific American